Throttle controlled starter switch



Sept. 1, 1953 Filed Jan. 22, 1952 L. C. DERMOND THROTTLE CONTROLLEDSTARTER SWITCH 2 Sheet s-Sheet 1 Z? 24 if INVENTOR. LAW/awe: C. flaeno/a BY A) 55 T17 MS M a a I his flrroemsys Patented Sept. 1, 1953 UNITEDSTATES PATENT OFFICE 'rnno'r'r a CONTROLLED STARTER SWITCH .6 C aims- 1This invention relates to engine starting apparatus of thesemi-automatic'type of starting apparatus in which the control circuitis closed and opened manually to effect energization and de-energizationof the starting motor, but in which means are provided which areautomatically operated to prevent any possible closing of the controlcircuit when the engine is operating under its own power.

It has been found desirable in devices of this character to employ acontrol switch which is closed with a snap action and which is heldclosed with considerable pressure so as to insure a good contact andprevent pitting, and it is the primary object of the present inventionto provide a manually operable control switch of this type which ispositive and efficient in its action and which can be manufactured atrelatively low cost.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparentfrom the following description, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawings wherein a preferred embodiment of the present invention isclearly shown.

In the drawings:

Fig. l is a diagrammatic view of a starting apparatus having a controlswitch constructed in accordance with the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a vertical section showing the control switch attached to thecarburetor with which it is associated.

Fig. 3 is a vertical section on the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a section on line 4.4 of Fig. 2.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the starting motor, which isindicated at 20, has a ground connection 2| and an armature shaft 22, onwhich is splined a sleeve 23 which is secured to one member of anoverrunning clutch 24, the other member of which is integral with thedriving pinion 25, adapted to be moved into engagement with thefly-wheel gear 26 of the engine, in order to rotate said gear and startthe engine whenever the starting motor is operative. The sleeve 23 ismoved to the right in Fig. 1 to effect engagement of the pinion withgear 2t and the circuit between the starting motor and the battery isconcurrently closed to cause the start,- ing motor to become operative.

To this end the sleeve 23 is provided with a grooved collar 21 which isslidable on the shaft 22 and said collar is engaged by pins 28 whichproject from a yoke formed on the lower .end of a lever 29, suitablypivoted at 30 and connected at its upper end with the armature 3| of anelectromagnet 32, by means of a lost motion connection comprising a pin33 and a slot 34 which is provided for the purpose of permitting thelever and the armature to have some motion relation to each other.

When the magnet is energized the lever 29 is rocked on its pivot in acounterclockwise direction, the collar 21 compressing a spring 35 whichsurrounds the sleeve 23 between the collar and the overrunning clutch24, moving the pinion into engagement with the fiy-wheel gear in theusual manner. Ihe construction of the mechanism between the startingmotor and the flywheel gear is the same as is ordinarily employed inmanually operated starting devices of the overrunning clutch type. Aspring 36 returns the lever 29 and the parts operated thereby to normalposition when the abovementioned electromagnet is deenergized.

The electromagnet is provided with two coils 31 and 38 having adifferent number of turns for a purpose which is briefly describedhereinafter and the circuit connections with the magnet coils will alsobe briefly described later.

The starting motor is connected by a wire 39 with a fixed contact 40 ofa main starting motor switch which connects the starting motor with thebattery, a second fixed contact 4! of said main switch being connectedby a wire 42 with the battery 43 which is grounded at 44a. A movablecontact 45 is adapted to be moved into engagement with the two fixedcontacts 40 and 4| when the armature of the electromagnet is moved tothe left in Fig. l, in order to close the circuit between the startingmotor and the battery.

The energization of the electromagnet is effected by the closing of theignition switch designated in its entirety as 44 and a second switchdesignated generally by the reference numeral 46, in series therewith,the construction of which constitutes the principal feature of noveltyof the present invention and which will be described in detail later.The closing of these two switches effects closing of a magnetic switchwhich is in circuit with the coils of the above described electromagnet.

The ignition switch has a movable contact 47 connected by a wire 48 anda Wire 49 extending from the generator to the Wire 42 previouslyreferred to. The contact 41 is a double contact, one branch of whichengages a fixed contact to which is connected to a wire leading to theignition system and the other branch of which engages a second fixedcontact 51 to which is connected a wire 52, leading to a binding post 53of the switch 46. The latter is provided with a second binding post 55which is connected by a wire 55 to a winding 56 of a relay which isgrounded through the generator by means of a Wire The switch 45 isprovided with means to effect electrical connection between the twobinding posts 53 and 54, this mechanism being described later, and whenelectrical connection between these binding posts is thus effected,current flows from the battery through the ignition switch across thebinding posts 53 and 5 through the coil 56 and to ground to energizesaid coil and energization of the latter closes a switch to effectenergization of the main magnet. The latter switch comprises a fixedcontact 58 which is connected by a wire 59 to the wire 62 which leads tothe battery while a movable contact 55 which cooperates with the fixedcontact 58 is connected by a wire GI to the coil 37 which is groundedthrough a connection 62 and a wire 53 connects the coil 38 with the wireGI, said coil being grounded through the starting motor by means of thewire 64 which connects the coil with the wire 39.

It will be obvious from the above description that when the ignitionswitch and the switch 35 are both closed, the coil 56 is energized andthis effects closing of the contacts 58 and 5%? which are normally open.When this occurs, current will flow from the battery through the wiresE2 and 59, the contacts 58 and 5t and wires 5i and 63 to both coils 3iand 38 of the main electromagnet 52, energizing the magnet and effectingthe shifting of the pinion and the closing of the main starter switch inthe manner previously described.

The magnet is so constructed that one of the coils will be shunted outwhen the main starter switch is closed so that during the crankingperiod, when the starting motor is rotating the engine crank shaft, thestarter switch is held closed by the force of only one of the coils ofthe main electromagnet. This mechanism constitutes no part of thepresent invention and all of the mechanism previously described with theexception of the construction and operating means for the switch at isshown and described in the patent to Dermond, hereinafter mentioned. Inview of this complete disclosure and the fact that the specificarrangement of the circuit and construction of the magnet and starterdrive are not portions of the present invention, it is unnecessary tofurther describe the starter system other than to state that thegenerator is indicated at 55 and is connected through the wire 5? withthe relay coil 56, such wire connecting with the generator between thelatter and the usual cut-out relay, so that when the generator is inoperation when the engine is operating under its own power, thegenerator will build up counter voltage in the coil 56 and will eifectopening of the switch contacts 58 and 60 in the event that the switch416 which is opened by engine suction should for some reason fail toopen in response to the effect of engine suction when the engine isself-operative.

The control circuit above-described is about the same as that shown in anumber of prior patents, for example, Patent No. 2,326,125, to L. C.Dermond, granted August 10, 1943, but the switch it is considerablydifferent from the corresponding switch on the Dermond patent. Theswitch d5, as disclosed herein, includes a housing I It which may besecured in any desirable way to a fiat housing 4 boss III formed on thethrottle outlet casting M2. The throttle shaft M4, to which throttle M5is secured, is rotatably mounted in the wall of housing III] and castingH2, and such shaft IId extends into the housing Ilil. A removable plateH5 of suitable insulating material is secured by screws I ll, or in anyother suitable way, to the bottom of the housing. This plate supportstwo fixed contacts of the switch as more fully set forth later and ifremoved permits access to the interior of housing I It,

Suitably secured in the plate are the binding posts 53 and 5d previouslydescribed. Contacts I28 and I2I are connected respectively with thebinding posts 53 and 54 and these contacts are spaced from each otheraxially with respect to the throttle shaft as shown in Fig. 3. In orderto close the control circuit and cause operation of the starting motor amovable contact I22 must be moved to a position to engage the fixedcontacts I20, I2I and this is accomplished by operation of the throttleshaft through mechanism which will now be described.

As illustrated, the contact IE2 is a strip of metal secured in anydesirable way in a notch formed in the peripheral surface of a block I24of Bakelite or similar insulating material which is loosely enoughmounted adjacent that end of the throttle shaft H4, which extends intothe IIII, to permit easy rotation of the throttle shaft while the block[26 is held stationary and to permit the block to be readily rotated onsaid shaft by a spring, while the shaft is stationary. Secured to theshaft II l between the block I24 and the end of the shaft is a memberI25 on which is formed a cam I26, for a purpose described later and atthe opposite side of the shaft and integral with member I25, a lug tillprojects beyond the periphery of said member. This lug engages a lug I28which projects from one face of the block I2 3, when the throttle ismoved toward closed position so as to positively move the block to theposition it occupies when the control switch is open. The lug may beintegral with the block or a metal pin secured in the block in anysuitable way, as is shown in the drawings.

The block I24 is normally held in the position shown in Fig. 2, in whichposition the control switch is open, by a latch member I29 pivoted on apin I33 suitably mounted in the wall of housing IIS and urged toward theblock I25 by a spring I 3i which lies between the latch member and thewall of housing IIii. One end of the spring is received in a depressionI32 in the housing wall and the other end fits around a lug I33 on thelatch member to prevent the spring being displaced from its operativeposition. Normally, the spring holds latch member I25 in such positionthat a toe I3 engages a shoulder E35 on the block I25 and this toe hasto be disengaged from said shoulder before the block can be movedcounterclockwise, and it must be moved in such direction from its normalposition in order to eifect closing of the switch.

In order to move the block I2I to effect closing of the switch, atorsion spring I353 is provided which has one end bent as indicated atI3'I, which extends into a suitable orifice in block I24 and the otherend bent around'the edge of the member I25 as indicated-at I38. As thethrottle is opened the member I25 is rotated in a counterclockwisedirection, pushing on the end I31 of the spring I35 and increasing thetorsion of such spring. The block I24 is held against movement until thecam I26 engages a lug I 39 formed on the latch member, moving the latchmember in a clockwise direction and disengaging the toe I34 from theshoulder I35. When this takes place the spring I36, which is undertension, rotates the block I24 with a snap action, to a position wherethe contact I22 engages both contacts I26 and I 2 I. It has been foundthat when the switch is closed by a snap action of the block I25 asdescribed there is less tendency to effect pitting of the switchcontacts than when the block I24 is rotated manually and more slowlytoits switch closing position by a direct manual operating connection.

Although closing of the switch is automatically prevented, during selfoperation of the engine, the switch is not opened automatically, butopening of the switch is accomplished only by closing of the throttle.When the throttle is moved to closed position, the member I25 is rotatedclockwise and the lug I21, through engagement with lug I28, positivelymoves block I24 to the position shown in Fig. 2, in which the controlswitch is open.

Since the member I25 is secured to the throttle shaft it is constantlymoved back and forth when the engine is self-operative as the throttleis opened and closed to control the speed of the engine. During thismovement of the member I25 the latch member I29 may be repeatedlydisengaged from the shoulder I35 so that means must be provided which isefiective to prevent movement of the block I24 upon release of the latchI29 when the engine is in operation. If such means was not provided, thecontrol switch would be repeatedly closed and the starting apparatuswould be ruined by clashing of the starting motor pinion 25 with themoving engine iiywheel gear 25, which would take place at each closingof the control switch. To prevent such repeated closing of the controlswitch, the block I 24 is positively held against movement when theengine operates under its own power and the opening of the throttlemerely stretches spring I36 without moving the block.

To prevent movement of the block I35 as described, a latch MD isprovided which is suitably pivoted at MI and is provided with an arm I42extending in a generally vertical direction and adapted to be moved,when the engine is selfoperative, to a position where it will be engagedby a shoulder I43 formed on block I24. Normally, when the engine isinoperative and is to be started, the arm I42 is not in engagement withthe shoulder i i-3, so that the block I24 can move to its switch closingposition when the latch I29 is released, as previously described. Tomove the latch I 48 to its latching position, an arm I4 5 of such latchis pivotally connected at I 45 with a rod I 36 pivotally connected to apin I41 which extends across a cylindrical space I48 in the bottom ofpiston I49, slidable in a cylinder I59 formed in the housing I II] andnormally held in its lower position as shown in Fig. 2 by a spring I5Ipositioned in the cylinder above the piston. Formed in the upper end ofthe cylinder is passage I52 which may be connected in any suitable waywith a conduit I553. The conduit may be a copper tube which is connectedin any suitable way with a passage I530, formed in the carburetorcasting wall and connecting with the mixture passage posterior to thethrottle. The particular means for communicating the engine suction tocylinder I58 is no part of the present invention and such means may beof any suitable construction, so long as it communicates the suction ofthe intake passage posterior to the throttle valve to the space incylinder I58 above the piston I49.

In the upper end of the cylinder I50 a sealing ring I54 of copper orother suitable material is fitted against a shoulder I55, and when theengine becomes self-operative and the block I24 is restored to itsoriginal switch opening position, upon closing of the throttle, theengine suction communicated to the cylinder IE6 through passage i52 isefiective to lift the piston so that its upper annular end I55 will bein sealing engagement with the seal washer. When this takes place, thesealing action which is effected between the washer or ring I5 3 and thepiston end I55 is such that less suction will hold the piston in itsuppermost position than is required to lift it to such position.Therefore, when the engine suction drops at passage I52 upon opening ofthe throttle the piston will not drop although the suction may dropbelow that necessary to lift the piston. Also, the spring I38 holds theshoulder hi3 against the latch arm I 42 with considerable pressure sothat considerable pressure of spring 55! is required to disengage thelatch arm from the shoulder M3 and the pressure in cylinder I59 will notdrop enough during any condition of self-operation of the engine toeffect movement of latch arm M2 to its inoperative position. Also, ifthe cranking suction should ever become great enough to overcome thepressure of spring I55, the latch arm M2 would merely engage the blocl:52 5 on the smooth surface I57 where it could have no effect inpreventing movement of the block, so that a relatively light spring I5Ican be employed which is incapable of disengaging latch arm MS from theshoulder I42 under any operating conditions which may be encountered.

The seal washer I55 is held in proper position by a clamping I55 and thepiston is cut away at I59 to form a space in which the clamping ring isreceived when the piston is on its uppermost position with surface I56engaging the sealing washer. As shown, the piston I49 is of Bakelite orsome similar material but a metal can be used if desired.

While the embodiment of the present invention as herein disclosedconstitutes a preferred form, it is to be understood that other formsmight be adopted.

What is claimed is as follows:

1. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current sour a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having switch operating member movable to differentpositions to open and close said switch, manual. means for actuatingsaid member, a resilient operating connection between said manual meansand said member, a latch means normally preventing movement of saidmember by its actuating means, means operable by said manual means forreleasing said latch means after a predetermined movement cf said manualmeans, to permit movement of said switch operating member by saidresilient operating connection to close the switch, and means wherebysaid manual means positively moves said operating member to position toopen said switch.

2. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current source; a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having a switch operating member movable to difierentpositions to open and close said switch, manual means for actuating saidmember, a resilient operating connection between said manual means andsaid member, a latch means normally preventing movement of said memberby its actuating means, means operable by said manual means forreleasing said latch means after a predetermined movement of said manualmeans, to permit movement of said switch operating member by saidresilient operating connection to close the switch, and latch meansoperable to prevent movement of said switch operating member to positionto close said switch when the engine is self-operative.

3. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current source; a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having a switch operating member movable to differentpositions to open and close said switch, manual means for actuating saidmember, a resilient operating connection between said manual means andsaid member, a latch means normally preventing movement of said memberby its actuating means, means operable by said manual means forreleasing said latch means after a predetermined movement of said manualmeans, to permit movement of said switch operating memher by saidresilient operating connection to close the switch, normally ineffectivelatch means to prevent movement of the switch operating memher to switchclosing position, and means operable by the engine when self-operativeto move said latch means to position to prevent movement of said switchoperating member.

4. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current source; a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having a switch operating member movable to differentpositions to open and close said switch, manual means for actuating saidmember, a resilient operating connection between said manual means andsaid member, a latch means normally preventing movement of said memberby its actuating means, means operable by said manual means forreleasing said latch means after a predetermined movement of said manualmeans, to permit movement or" said switch operating member by saidresilient operating connection to close -the switch, normallyineffective latch means to prevent movement of the switch operatingmember to switch closing position, and means operable by engine suctionto move said latch means to position to prevent movement of said switchoperating member when the engine is self-operative.

5. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current source; a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having a switch operating member movable to diiierentpositions to open and close said switch, manual means for actuating saidmember, a resilient operating connection between said manual means andsaid member, a latch means normally preventing movement of said memberby its actuating means, means operable by said manual means forreleasing said latch means after a predetermined movement of said manualmeans, to permit movement of said switch operating member by saidresilient operating connection to close the switch, latch means operableto prevent movement of said switch operating member to switch closingposition when the engine is selfoperative, means for moving saidlast-named latch means to operative position, means for pre ventingmovement of said latch means to operative position until the switch isopened, and means operable by said manual means to positively open theswitch.

6. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current source; a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having a switch operating member movable to diiierentpositions to open and close said switch, manual means for actuating saidmember, a resilient operating connection between said manual means andsaid member, a latch means normally preventing movement of said memberby its actuating means, means operable by said manual means forreleasing said latch means after a predetermined movement of said manualmeans, to permit movement of said switch operating memher by saidresilient operating connection to close the switch, normally ineffectivelatch means to prevent movement of the switch operating member to switchclosing position, means operable by engine suction to move saidlast-named latch means to effective position when the engine isself-operative, means preventing such movement of said latch means afterthe engine has started to run under its own power until the controlswitch is opened, and means through which said manual means positivelyeirects opening of the control switch.

'7. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current source; a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having a switch operating member movable to differentpositions to open and close said switch, manual means for actuating saidmember, a resilient operating connection between said manual means andsaid member, a latch means normally preventing movement of said memberby its actuating means, a cam member operable by said manual means andefiective to release the latch means after a predetermined movement ofsaid manual means to permit movement of said switch operating member toclose the switch, and a lug on said cam member operable to positivelymove the switch operating member to switch opening position.

8. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source and a circuit for connecting saidstarting motor with the current source; a control switch for controllingsaid circuit having a switch operating member movable to differentpositions to open and close said switch, manual means for actuating saidmember, a resilient operating connection between said manual means andsaid member, a latch means normally preventing movement of said memberby its actuating means, a cam member operable by said manual means andeffective to release the latch means after a predetermined movement ofsaid manual means to permit movement of said switch operating member toclose the switch, a second latch means operable to prevent movement ofsaid switch operating member to switch closing position when the engineis selfoperative, means preventing movement of said second latch meansto operative position after starting of the engine until the controlswitch is opened, and a lug on said cam member operable to positivelymove said switch operating member to effect opening of the switch.

9. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source, a circuit for connecting the startingmotor with the current source and a control switch effective to controlthe closing and opening of said circuit; a carburetor throttle valve forcontrolling the supply of combustible mixture to the engine and anoperating shaft therefor, a switch operating member operated by saidshaft and yieldingly connected thereto, a latch means normallypreventing movement of said member to switch closing position, meansoperated by said shaft to release said latch means after a predeterminedopening movement of the throttle, and means operable upon closingmovement of the throttle to positively move the switch operating memberto switch opening position.

10. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source, a circuit for connecting the startingmotor with the current source and a control switch effective to controlthe closing and opening of said circuit; a carburetor throttle valve forcontrolling the supply of combustible mixture to the engine and anoperating shaft therefor, a switch operating member movable to differentpositions to close and open said switch, a member secured to saidthrottle shaft and resiliently connected to said switch operatingmember, a latch means normally preventing movement of said switchoperating member, means effective to release the latch means after apredetermined opening movement of the throttle, and means operable bysaid second member to positively move the switch operating member toswitch opening position as the throttle is moved to closed position.

11. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source, a circuit for connecting the startingmotor with the current source and a control switch effective to controlthe closing and opening of said circuit; a carburetor throttle valve forcontrolling the supply of combustible mixture to the engine and anoperating shaft therefor, a switch operating member rotatably mounted onsaid shaft and movable to different positions to effect closing andopening of the switch, a member secured to the shaft and yieldinglyconnected to said switch operating member, a latch means normallypreventing movement of said switch operating member, means whereby saidsecond member is effective to release the latch means after apredetermined opening of the throttle, and means operable by said secondmember to positively move the switch operating member to switch openingposition as the throttle is closed.

12. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source, a circuit for connecting the startingmotor with the current source and a control switch effective to controlthe closing and opening of said circuit; a carburetor throttle valve forcontrolling the supply of combustible mixture to the engine and anoperating shaft therefor, a switch operating member rotatably mounted onsaid shaft and movable to different positions to effect closing andopening of the switch, a

member secured to the shaft and yieldingly connected to said switchoperating member, a latch means normally preventing movement of saidswitch operating member, a cam on said second member movable to aposition to release the latch means when the throttle has made apredetermined opening movement, and a lug on said second member operableto positively move said switch operating member to switch openingposition when the throttle is closed.

13. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a cur-.1 rent source, a circuit for connecting thestarting motor with the current source and a control switch effective tocontrol the closing and opening of said circuit; a carburetor throttlevalve for controlling the supply of combustible mixture to the engineand an operating shaft therefor, a switch operating member operated bysaid shaft and yieldingly connected thereto, a latch means normallypreventing movement of said member to switch closing position, meansoperated by said shaft to release said latch means after a predeterminedopening movement of the throttle, a second latch means for preventingmovement of said switch operating member to switch closing position whenthe engine is self-operative, and means operable by the engine formoving said second latch means to operative position.

14. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source, a circuit for connecting the startingmotor with the current source and a control switch effective to controlthe closing and open ing of said circuit; a carburetor throttle valvefor controlling the supply of combustible mixture to the engine and anoperating shaft therefor, a switch operating member operated by saidshaft and yieldingly connected thereto, a latch means normallypreventing movement of said member to switch closing position, meansoperated by said shaft to release said latch means after a predeterminedopening movement of the throttle, a second latch means for preventingmovement of said switch operating member to switch closing position whenthe engine is self-operative, and means operable by engine suction formoving said second latch means to operative position.

15. In a starting apparatus for internal combustion engines having astarting motor, a current source, a circuit for connecting the startingmotor with the current source and a control switch effective to controlthe closing and opening of said circuit; a carburetor throttle valve forcontrolling the supply of combustible mixture to the engine and anoperating shaft therefor, a switch operating member operated by saidshaft and yieldingly connected thereto, a latch means normallypreventing movement of said member to switch closing position, meansoperated by said shaft to release said latch means after a predeterminedopening movement of the throttle, a second latch means for preventingmovement of said switch operating member to switch closing position whenthe engine is self-operative, means operable by engine suction formoving said second latch means to operative position, means preventingmovement of said second latch means to its operative position after theengine is started bustion engines having a starting motor, a currentsource, a circuit for connecting the starting motor with the currentsource and a control switch effective to control the closing and openingof said circuit; a carburetor throttle valve for controlling the supplyof combustible mixture to the engine and an operating shaft therefor, aswitch operating member rotatably mounted on said shaft and movable todifferent positions to effect closing and opening of the switch, amember secured to the shaft and yieldingly connected to said switchoperating member, a latch means normally preventing movement of saidswitch operating member, means on said second member to release thelatch means after a predetermined opening movement of the throttle topermit closing of the switch, a second latch means to prevent movementof the switch closing position when the engine is self-operative, meansoperable by engine suction for moving the second latch means tooperative position, means preventing su-ch movement of the second latchmeans after the engine is started until the switch 12 operating memberis moved to its switch opening position, and means operated by saidsecond member to positively move the switch operating member to switchopening position when the throttle is closed.

LAWRENCE C. DERMOND.

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